PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: –
ACTIVE PASSIVE: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – S+ has/have + v3+ ob | Rules: – Ob + has/have + been + v3 + by +S | |
| 1. | मैंने आपना काम पूरा कर लिया है। I have completed my work. | मेरा काम मेरे द्वारा पूरा किया जा चुका है। My work has been completed by me. |
| 2. | उसने खाना खा लिया है। He has eaten food. | खाना उसके द्वारा खाया जा चुका है? Food has been eaten by him. |
| 3. | वो मैच जीत चुके है। They have won the match. | मैच उनके द्वारा जीता जा चुका है। The match has been won by them. |
| 4. | उसने 80% नंबर हासिल किये है। She has scored 80% marks. | 80% नंबर उसके द्वारा हासिल किए गए है। 80% marks have been scored by her. |
| 5. | अध्यापक उसे सजा दे चुके है। The teacher has punished him. | उसे अध्यापक द्वारा सजा दी जा चुकी है। He has been punished by the teacher. |
Practice Examples: –
- They have called her father.
- We have won the match.
- Her father has beaten her.
- His brother has received an award.
- My dog has bitten a child.
- The car’s window has closed by her.
- The teacher has punished them.
- The birds have made their nest on the trees.
- I have bought a new pen.
- You have clinched a big deal.
Negative Sentences: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – S + has/have + not + v3 +ob | Rules: – Ob+ has/have + not+ been + v3+ by +s | |
| 1. | उसने नया घर नहीं खरीदा है। He has not bought a new house. | नया घर उसके द्वारा नहीं खरीदा गया है। A new house has not been bought by him. |
| 2. | उन्होंने मैच नहीं जीता है। They have not won the match. | मैच उनके द्वारा नहीं जीता गया है। The match hasn’t been won by them. |
| 3. | माता जी ने खाना नहीं बनाया है। Mother has not cooked food. | खाना माता जी के द्वारा नहीं बनाया गया है। Food hasn’t been cooked by the mother. |
| 4. | राकेश ने इम्तिहान पास नहीं किया है। Rakesh has not passed the exam. | इम्तिहान राकेश द्वारा पास नहीं किया गया है। The exam hasn’t been passed by Rakesh. |
| 5. | उसने आपने स्कूल का काम पूरा नहीं किया है। He has not completed his homework. | आपना स्कूल का काम उसके द्वारा पूरा नहीं किया गया है। His homework has not been completed by him. |
Practice Examples: –
- They have not watched new film yet.
- Geeta has not combed her hair.
- The company has not launched its new product.
- The police have not controlled the crime.
- He has not completed his study.
- Ram has not changed the clothes.
- This singer has not recorded a new song.
- My sister has not prepared breakfast.
- A cup of tea has not been taken by me.
- The crop has been harvested by the farmers.
Interrogative Sentences: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – Has/ Have + s + v3+ ob+? | Rules: – Has/Have+ ob+ been +v3+by +s+? | |
| 1. | क्या उसने खाना खा लिया है? Has he eaten food? | क्या खाना तुम्हारे द्वारा खाया जा चुका है? Has food been eaten by you? |
| 2. | क्या बच्चों ने क्रिकेट खेलना शुरु कर दिया है? Have the children started playing cricket? | क्या क्रिकेट बच्चों द्वारा खेलना शुरु किया जा चुका है? Has cricket been started playing by the children? |
| 3. | क्या पापा सबज़ी ले आये है? Has father brought vegetables? | क्या सबज़ियाँ पापा द्वारा लाई जा चुकी है? Have vegetables been brought by father? |
| 4. | क्या अध्यापक ने बच्चों को सजा दी है? Has the teacher punished the students? | क्या बच्चों कोन सजा अध्यापक द्वारा दी जा चुकी है? Have the students been punished by the teacher? |
| 5. | क्या माता जी खाना बना चुकी है? Has the mother cooked food? | क्या खाना माता जी द्वारा बनाया जा चुका है? Has the food been cooked by the mother? |
Practice Examples: –
- Has she finished her work?
- Have they booked the hotel?
- Has your father bought a new phone?
- Have your friends watched this movie?
- Has the teacher punished the students?
- Has the father called me?
- Have you scored 1st position in the examination?
- Has the mother scolded you?
- Have the birds made their nest on the trees?
- Has your sister completed her course?
WH. Family Sentences: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
Rules: – WH + has/have + s + v3+ ob+? Negative: – WH + has/have + not +s + v3+ ob+? | Rules: – WH + has/have+ ob + been + v3+s +? | |
| 1. | तुमने उसका पैन क्यों लिया है? Why have you taken his pen? | उसका पैन तुम्हारे द्वारा क्यों लिया गया है? Why has his pen been taken by you? |
| 2. | उन्होंने ने चिट्ठी कब प्राप्त की है? When have they received the letter? | चिट्ठी उनके द्वारा कब प्राप्त की गई है? When has the letter been received by them? |
| 3. | तुमने खाना कब बनाया है? When have you cooked food? | खाना तुम्हारे द्वारा कब बनाया गया है? When has food cooked by you? |
| 4. | उसने यह मेज कैसे बनाया है? How has he made this table? | यह मेज उसके द्वारा कब बनाया गया है? How has this table been made by him? |
| 5. | हमने इस पलेट में खाना कब परोसा है? Why have we served food in this plate? | खाना हमारे द्वारा पलेट में क्यों परोसा गया है? Why has food been served in this plate by us? |
Practice Examples: –
- Who has broken this game?
- When have you deposited the money?
- Where has he left his car?
- What have you bought?
- Why hasn’t she slapped his son?
- What have they designed for you?
- When has your father received this letter?
- How haven’t the doctors operated him?
- When has your sister got her visa?
- Why hasn’t her brother rejected this job?
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – Has/ Have+ s + not + v3 + ob+? | Rules: – Has/ Have+ ob + not + been + v3 + by +s+? | |
| 1. | क्या तुमने पंखा बंद नहीं किया है? Haven’t you switched off the fan? | क्या पंखा तुम्हारे द्वारा बंद नहीं किया गया है? Hasn’t the fan been switched off by you? |
| 2. | क्या डाकटर ने रोगी को चैक नहीं किया है? Hasn’t the doctor checked the patient? | क्या रोगी डाकटर द्वारा चैक नहीं किया गया है? Hasn’t the patient been checked by the doctor? |
| 3. | क्या उसने कुछ नहीं खरीदा है? Hasn’t she bought something? | क्या उसके द्वारा कुछ नहीं खरीदा गया है? Hasn’t something been bought by her? |
| 4. | क्या उसने आपना पाठ याद नहीं किया है? Hasn’t he learned his lesson? | क्या उसका सबक उसके द्वारा याद नहीं किया गया है? Hasn’t his lesson been learnt by him? |
| 5. | क्या उसने आपको आमंत्रित नहीं दिया है? Hasn’t she invited you? | क्या तुम उसके द्वारा आमंत्रित नहीं किए गए हो? Haven’t you been invited by her? |
Practice Examples: –
- Hasn’t Ravi taken the food?
- Haven’t your friends clicked any picture?
- Hasn’t her mother knitted a sweater?
- Haven’t her sister performed the rituals?
- Hasn’t the student taken the exam?
- Hasn’t Rajesh got the promotion?
- Haven’t your brothers sent you a gift?
- Hasn’t she cleaned her room?
- Haven’t you passed the exam?
- Hasn’t the dog attacked on him?