PAST PERFECT TENSE: –
ACTIVE PASSIVE: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – S+ had+ v3+ ob | Rules: – Ob + had+ been + v3+ by + s | |
| 1. | राधिका ने एक खत लिखा था। Radhika had written a letter. | एक खत राधिका द्वारा लिखा गया। A letter had been written by Radhika. |
| 2. | मैं कहानी की किताब पढ़ चुका था। I had read the story book. | कहानी की किताब मेरे द्वारा पढ़ी जा चुकी थी। The story book had been read by me. |
| 3. | जब मैं स्कूल पहुँचा तो चपरासी ने दरवाजा बंद कर दिया था। When I reached school, the peon had closed the gate. | जब मैं स्कूल पहुँचा तो चपरासी दरवाजा बंद कर चुका था। The gate had been closed by the peon when I reached school. |
| 4. | जब तुम आए तो राजन आपना काम पूरा कर चुका था। When you come, Rajan had completed his work. | तुम्हारेआने से पहले राजन का काम उसके द्वारा पूरा किया जा चुका था। His work had been completed by Rajan when you came. |
| 5. | मैंने खाना पहले ही बना लिया था। I had already cooked the food. | खाना पहले ही मेरे द्वारा बनाया जा चुका था। The food had already been cooked by me. |
Practice Examples: –
- The farmers had sown the seeds.
- She prepared tea after you had gone.
- We had already submitted the assignments.
- I had sent a birthday gift to her.
- The child had finished his ice-cream.
- The peon had rung the bell before I reached school.
- My father had returned his medicine.
- Your teacher had sown your result.
- The police had arrested the thief.
- She had finished her meal.
Negative Sentences: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – S + has+ not+ v3 + ob | Rules: – Ob + had + not + been + v3+ by + sb | |
| 1. | मैंने ऐसा सुंदर दृश्य पहले कभी नहीं देखा था। I hadn’t seen such a beautiful scene before. | इतना सुंदर दृश्य मेरे द्वारा पहले कभी नहीं देखा गया था। Such a beautiful scene hadn’t been seen by me. |
| 2. | अध्यापक बच्चों को नहीं पढ़ा चुके थे। The teacher hadn’t taught to the students. | बच्चे अध्यापक द्वारा नहीं पढ़ाए गए थे। The students hadn’t been taught by the teacher. |
| 3. | वह काम खत्म नहीं कर चुकी थी। She hadn’t completed the work. | काम उसके द्वारा खत्म नहीं किया गया था। The work hadn’t been completed by her. |
| 4. | हम गीत नहीं गा चुके थे। We hadn’t sung a song. | गीत हमारे द्वारा नहीं गाऐ गए थे। A song hadn’t been sung by us. |
| 5. | मैंने रशमी को फोन नहीं किया था। I hadn’t called Rashmi. | रशमी को फोन मेरे द्वारा नहीं किया था। Rashmi hadn’t been called by me. |
Practice Examples: –
- I hadn’t requested her.
- They hadn’t
- Riddhi hadn’t eaten food before the sun rose.
- I had never seen such a wise day.
- The patient hadn’t died before you brought the medicine.
- The authorities hadn’t taken any step.
- The postman hadn’t delivered the parcel.
- The army hadn’t replied to us.
- The bookseller hadn’t sold the books.
- The police hadn’t arrived before the thief ran away.
Interrogative Sentences: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – Had+ sb+ v3+ ob +? | Rules: – Had + ob+ been + v3 + by + sb | |
| 1. | क्या उसके आने से पहले खाना खा लिया था? Had you eaten food before he came? | क्या खाना तुम्हारे द्वारा उसके आने से पहले खाया जा चुका था? Had the food been eaten by you before he came? |
| 2. | क्या मेरे जाने के बाद तुम ख़त लिख चुके थे? Had you written a letter before I went? | क्या ख़त मेरे जाने के बाद तुम्हारे द्वारा लिखा जा चुका था? Had a letter been written by you before I went? |
| 3. | क्या बारिश शुरु होने से पहले वो मैच जीत चुके थे? Had they won the match before it rained? | क्या वारिश शुरु होने से पहले मैच उनके द्वारा जीता जा चुका था? Had the match been won by them before it rained? |
| 4. | क्या उसने विदेश जाने से पहले अंग्रेज़ी सीख ली थी? Had he learnt English before he visited abroad? | क्या विदेश जाने से पहले अंग्रेज़ी उसके द्वारा सीखी जा चुकी थी? Had English been leant by him before he visited abroad? |
| 5. | क्या तुम आपने मित्र को उसके पिता जी की मौत के बाद मिले थे? Had you seen your friend after his father’s die? | क्या तुम्हारे मित्र को उसकी पिता की मौत के बाद तुम्हारे द्वारा मिला गया था? Had your friend seen by you after his father died? |
Practice Examples: –
- Had you ever seen Agra?
- Had they booked the tickets before they left?
- Had the carpenter made a beautiful table before the sunset?
- Had the manager started the meeting before Deepak reached office?
- Had the students submitted the assignments before the exam started?
- Had the mother taken care of her children before her husband came?
- Had the bride got ready before the groom arrived?
- Had the players divided the team before the match started?
- Had the police control the situation?
- Had the teacher distributed test before the recess started?
Interrogative + Negative: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – Had + s + not + v3 + ob+? | Rules: – Had + ob + not + been + v3 + by + sb +? | |
| 1. | क्या पिता जी के आने से पहले तुमने खाना नहीं खाया था? Hadn’t you eaten food before the father came? | क्या तुम्हारे द्वारा खाना पिता जी के आने से पहले नहीं खाया गया था? Hadn’t the food been eaten by you before the father came? |
| 2. | क्या दादा जी के वापस आने से पहले माता जी ने खाना नहीं बनाया था? Hadn’t the mother cooked food before grandfather came back? | क्या दादा जी के वापस आने से पहले माता जी के द्वारा खाना नहीं बनाया गया था? Hadn’t the food been cooked by mother before the grandfather came back? |
| 3. | क्या बारिश शुरु होने से पहले तुम पढ़ाई पूरी नहीं कर चुके थे? Hadn’t you completed your study before it rained? | क्या तुम्हारी पढ़ाई बारिश शुरु होने से पहले तुम्हारे द्वारा पूरी नहीं की गई थी? Hadn’t your study been completed by you before it rained? |
| 4. | क्या बच्चों ने आपना काम अध्यापक के आने से पहले पूरा नहीं किया था? Hadn’t the students completed their work before the teacher came? | क्या काम बच्चों द्वारा अध्यापक के आने से पहले पूरा नहीं किया गया था? Hadn’t the work been completed by the students before the teacher came? |
| 5. | क्या वह सबज़ी नहीं काट चुकी थी? Hadn’t she cut the vegetables? | क्या सबज़ियाँ उसके द्वारा नहीं काटी जा चुकी थी? Hadn’t the vegetables been cut by her? |
Practice Examples: –
- Hadn’t the birds fed their young one’s before it rained?
- Hadn’t she called you before she came?
- Hadn’t the players received medals before the sunset?
- Hadn’t the drivers called off a strike before the rainy season started?
- Hadn’t they attended the function before we reached?
WH Sentences: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – WH + had+ s+ v3+pb+? | Rules: – WH + had +ob+been+v3 +s+? | |
| 1. | तुमने मेरे वापिस आने से पहले खाना क्यों खाया था? Why had you eaten food before I came back? | तुम्हारे द्वारा खाना मेरे वापस आने से पहले क्यों खाया गया था? Why had the food been eaten by you before I came back? |
| 2. | उसने अपनी कार कहां पार्क की थी? Where had he parked his car? | उसकी कार उसके द्वारा कहाँ पार्क की थी? Where had his car been parked by him? |
| 3. | तुम यह गाना पहले कब सुन चुके थे? When had you listened this song first? | तुम्हारे द्वारा यह गाना पहले कब सुना जा चुका था? When had this song been listened first by you? |
| 4. | मेरे वापस आने से पहले तुमने यह काम कब पूरा किया है? When had you completed this work before I came back? | यह काम तुमने मेरे वापस आने से पहले कब पूरा किया था? When had this work been completed by you before I came back? |
| 5. | तुमने आपने पिता जी को फोन क्यों नहीं किया गया था? Why hadn’t you called your father? | तुम्हारे द्वारा तुम्हारे पिता जी को फोन क्यों नहीं किया गया था? Why hadn’t your father been called by you? |