PAST INDEFINITE TENSE: –
ACTIVE PASSIVE: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – S+ v2+ob | Rules: – Ob+ was/were+ v3 + by +sb | |
| 1. | मैंने उसे फ़ोन लगाया। In called him. | उसे मेरे द्वारा फोन लगाया गया। He was called by me. |
| 2. | हमने पार्टी में मजे किये। We enjoyed the party. | पार्टी में मजे हमारे द्वारा किये गए। The party was enjoyed by us. |
| 3. | उसने मुझे पीटा। He beat me. | मुझे उसके द्वारा पीटा गया। I was beaten by him. |
| 4. | हम ने डाकटर को बुलाया। We called the doctor. | डाकटर को हमारे द्वारा बुलाया गया। The doctor was called by us. |
| 5. | उसने सख्त मेहनत की। He worked hard. | सख्त मेहनत उसके द्वारा की गई। Hard work was done by him. |
Practice Examples: –
- She cooked rice.
- He watched a movie.
- We invited them.
- Her father irritated her.
- They bought a new car.
- His brother demanded a new school bag.
- Your teacher punished him.
- The birds ate worms.
- The animal left their nests.
- His friends won the match.
Negative Sentences: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – S + did + not + v1 + ob | Rules: – Ob + was/ were + not + v3 + by + s | |
| 1. | उसने कोई काम नहीं किया। He didn’t do any work. | उसके द्वारा कोई काम नहीं किया गया। Any work wasn’t done by him. |
| 2. | हमने खाना नहीं बनाया। We didn’t cook food. | हमारे द्वारा खाना नहीं बनाया गया। Food wasn’t cooked by us. |
| 3. | अध्यापक ने बच्चों को सजा नहीं दी। The teacher didn’t punish the students. | बच्चों को अध्यापक द्वारा सजा नहीं दी गई। The students weren’t punished by the teacher. |
| 4. | मेरे भाई ने झूठ नहीं बोला। मेरे भाई My brother didn’t tell a lie. | झूठ मेरे भाई द्वारा नहीं बोला गया। A lie wasn’t told by my brother. |
| 5. | उसने कुछ भी नहीं किया। He didn’t do anything. | कुछ भी उसके द्वारा नहीं किया गया। Nothing was done by him. |
Practice Examples: –
- I didn’t invite him.
- We didn’t watch this movie.
- He didn’t complete his project.
- These girls didn’t participate in the competition.
- He father didn’t scold him.
- Her sister didn’t get first position.
- My friends didn’t leave their hostel.
- The soldiers didn’t target the civilians.
- The driver didn’t cross the signal.
- The barber didn’t do his haircut.
Interrogative Sentences: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: – Did+ s+ v1+ob+? | Rules: – Was/Were + ob+ v3 + by +sb +? | |
| 1. | क्या तुमने इम्तिहान पास किया? Did you qualify the exam? | क्या इम्तिहान तुम्हारे द्वारा पास किया गया? Was the exam qualified by you? |
| 2. | क्या कुत्ते ने उसे काटा? Did the dog bite him? | क्या वह कुत्ते द्वारा काटा गया? Was he bitten by the dog? |
| 3. | क्या उसने तुम्हारी मदद की? Did he help you? | क्या तुम्हारी मदद उसके द्वारा की गई? Were you helped by him? |
| 4. | क्या हमने भिखारी को पैसे दिए? Did we give money to the beggar? | क्या हमारे द्वारा भिखारी को पैसे दिए गये? Was money given to the beggar by us? |
| 5. | क्या मेरे भाई ने तेरे भाई कोन मारा? Dis my brother beat your brother? | क्या तुम्हारा भाई मेरे भाई द्वारा पीटा गया? Was your brother beaten by my brother? |
Practice Examples: –
- Did the doctor treat the patient?
- Did the student attend the class?
- Did they collect the money?
- Did she cheat you?
- Did your classmate misplace his book?
- Did the shooters kill an innocent boy?
- Did the robbers look the bank?
- Did the fan stop working?
- Did this book help you?
- Did she listen that story?
Interrogative + Negative: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
| Rules: -Did +s+ not+ v1 + ob+? | Rules: – Was/Were + ob + v3+ by +sb +? Negative: – Was/Were+ ob+ not + v3+ by + sb+? | |
| 1. | क्या आप ने खाना नहीं खाया? Didn’t you eat food? | क्या खाना उसके द्वारा नहीं खाया गया? Wasn’t food eaten by you? |
| 2. | क्या उसने भुखे कुत्ते को खाना नहीं दिया? Didn’t he give food to the hungry dog? | क्या खाना उसके द्वारा भुखे कुत्ते को नहीं दिया गया? Wasn’t food given to hungry dog by him? |
| 3. | क्या बच्चों ने स्कूल का काम नहीं किया? Didn’t the children do homework? | क्या स्कूल का काम बच्चों द्वारा नहीं किया गया ? Wasn’t homework done by the children? |
| 4. | क्या पापा ने उसे नहीं मारा? Didn’t father beat him? | क्या वह पापा द्वारा नहीं पींटा गया? Wasn’t he beaten by the father? |
| 5. | क्या सिपाही ने चोर को नहीं पकड़ा? Didn’t the constable catch the thief? | क्या चोर सिपाही द्वारा नहीं पकड़ा गया? Wasn’t the thief caught by the constable? |
Practice Examples: –
- Didn’t you steal money?
- Didn’t you watch his film?
- Didn’t she receive my email?
- Didn’t your mother help you?
- Didn’t he deposit the money?
- Didn’t they complete their work?
- Didn’t she write a letter?
- Didn’t we buy gifts?
- Didn’t Rakesh pack his luggage?
- Didn’t Rani stitch her suit?
WH Sentence: –
| Sr. No | Active | Passive |
Rules: – WH +did+ s + v1+ ob+? Negative: – WH + did+ s+ not +v1 +ob +? | Rules: – WH + was/were+ ob+ v3+ by + sb+? Rules: – WH+ was/were + ob + not + v3+by + sb+? | |
| 1. | उसने खाना कब बनाया? When did she cook food? | उसके द्वारा खाना कब बनाया गया? When was the food cooked by her? |
| 2. | हमने उसे फोन क्यों किया? Why did we call him? | उसे हमारे द्वारा फोन क्यों लगाया गया? Why was he called by us? |
| 3. | उन्होंने ने प्रोजैकट कैसे पूरा किया? How did they finish that project? | वो प्रोजैकट उनके द्वारा कैसे पूरा किया गया? How was that project finished by them? |
| 4. | रशमी ने क्या खरीदा? What did Rashmi buy? | रशमी द्वारा क्या खरीदा गया? What was bought by Rashmi? |
| 5. | तुम्हारे भाई ने मुझे क्यों मारा? Why did your brother hit me? | मुझे तुम्हारे भाई द्वारा क्यों मारा गया? Why was I hit by your brother? |
| 6. | उन्होंने कब तुम्हारी मदद नहीं की? When didn’t they help you? | हमारे द्वारा कब आपकी मदद नहीं की गई? When weren’t you helped by them? |
| 7. | हमने आपना काम कब पूरा नहीं किया? When didn’t we complete our work? | हमारा काम हमारे द्वारा क्यों नहीं किया गया? When wasn’t our completed by us? |
| 8. | तुम्हारे माता जी ने खाना क्यों नहीं बनाया? Why didn’t your mother cook food? | खाना तुम्हारे माता जी द्वारा क्यों नहीं बनाया गया? Why wasn’t food cooked by your mother? |
| 9. | मैंने क्या नहीं किया? What didn’t I do? | मेरे द्वारा क्या नहीं किया गया? What wasn’t done by me? |
| 10. | हमारे अध्यापक ने हमें क्यों नहीं पढ़ाया? Why didn’t our teacher teach us? | हमें हमारे अध्यापक द्वारा क्यों नहीं पढ़ाया गया? Why weren’t we taught by our teacher? |